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In Italy the Senior Civil Service or "la dirigenza" is the set of high ranking executives (“Dirigenti”) who are in charge of the top and middle management of national or local governmental offices. ==Structure== Senior executives come in two echelons: *First level: Directors Generals and Chief of Departments (about 400 executives) *Second level: Directors of Division and heads of peripheral units (about 3,500 executives) First and second level positions are identified in each ministry. Management responsibilities (supervision of one or more bureaux) determine whether or not someone is an executive, not qualifications. This objective approach shows the exact number of first level executives and permits the development of a database with up-to-date information about age, seniority, gender, level and ministry. In each ministry, second level positions are further classified accordingly to the responsibilities attached to their offices position, corresponding to the classification adopted by the ministry. Until October 2002, the Senior Civil Service was meant to be an inter-ministerial homogeneous body, managed by a pool known as the "Ruolo Unico dei Dirigenti" (Uniform Register). The creation of this structure, under the supervision of the Prime Minister, was the backbone of the reform conducted from 1993 till 2001. It was underpinned by a database of jobs and profiles. This tool allowed the government to publish available positions in real time and to establish a labour market for managers. The new text adopted in 2002 has replaced inter-ministerial management of executives with ministerial management. However, the inter-ministerial database and the labour market for first level executives have been kept. Other public bodies, at national and local level, have their Senior Civil Services. Today senior civil servants are grouped into eight different contractual areas: * I (Ministries), * II (Regions and Territorial Autonomies), * III (National Health Service - administrative), * IV (National Health Service - medical), * V (School), * VI (Fiscal and economic Agencies), * VII (University), * VIII (Prime Minister's Office). Civil servants below executive level have a different contract with separate grading and pay arrangements. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Italian Senior Civil Service」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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